ASIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
A CLOUD BASED E-VOTING SYSTEM USING NIN AUTHENTICATIONMECHANISM FOR ELECTORAL PROCESS IN NIGERIA
Lack of transparency has led to a failure to deliver voters assurance, agitations of suspicions and mistrust from opposition political parties. This has also led to fear of voter’s insecurity, secrecy and possibility of verified results with the electronic systems that corrupt the electoral process in Nigeria. The gap observed is one that could aid the economy, government; individual and corporate organizations to improve on the state of life and develop better working systems which cannot be overemphasized. Therefore, there is need to design a transparent, trusted and secured cloud based electronic voting system that will be used during elections in Nigeria. The proposed system was built using Dynamic System Development Methodology (DSDM), Java programming language was employed at the frontend while MYSQL was used as backend for relational database and SQLite Maestro for INEC admin backend. The built model was tested with a sample dataset collected from Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) office Port Harcourt. The proposed model was evaluated and performance ranking of testing voting results using parameters such as state, electorate, and turnout in percentages showed excellent system efficiency. The proposed model performed better than other existing models and showed that it can be used to achieve transparent and trusted result during and after the election.
Cloud, E-voting, Verification, NIN, Authentication, Mechanism
Copyright (c) 2026 ASIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
WORK–LIFE BALANCE AND JOB PERFORMANCE OFACADEMIC STAFF IN UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA: A MIXEDMETHODS STUDY OF POLICY, PERCEPTIONS, ANDPERFORMANCE OUTCOMES
This mixed-methods study examines the relationship between work–life balance (WLB) and job performance among academic staff in Nigerian universities, integrating quantitative and qualitative evidence to provide a nuanced understanding of policy, perception, and performance outcomes. Drawing on spillover theory, boundary theory, and the Job Demands–Resources (JD–R) framework, the study investigates institutional WLB policies, perceived balance, and their impact on teaching effectiveness, research productivity, and administrative engagement. Quantitative data from 452 academic staff across federal, state, and private universities reveal that WLB significantly predicts job performance (β = .432, p < .001) and explains substantial variance in job satisfaction and stress reduction. Structural Equation Modeling confirms partial mediation by job satisfaction, indicating that balanced work conditions enhance performance both directly and indirectly. Qualitative interviews with 24 academics highlight three key themes: policy–practice gaps, intensified role demands, and insufficient institutional attention to psychological wellbeing. Integrating findings demonstrates that WLB functions as both a psychological and structural resource, with institutional support amplifying performance benefits and mitigating stress. Gendered experiences reveal that female academics face greater work–family conflict, emphasizing the need for targeted support mechanisms. The study concludes that formalized workload allocation, codified flexible arrangements, and gender-sensitive policies are critical for enhancing academic productivity, reducing burnout, and promoting institutional effectiveness. Implications for higher education management, policy reform, and sustainable human capital development are discussed.
Work–life balance, Job performance, Academic staff, Nigerian universities, Mixed-methods, Institutional policy, Job satisfaction, Stress management
Prof. OSAWARU-OGBEGIE Rosemary Iyalekhuosa
The Need for Marital Counselling Units in Conflict Resolutionamong Couples in Edo State, Nigeria
Marriage remains a cornerstone of social stability, emotional support, and family continuity in Nigerian society. However, the rising prevalence of marital conflicts, separations, and divorces, particularly in Edo State; has raised concerns about the effectiveness of existing conflict resolution mechanisms. This study assessed the need for structured marital counselling units in resolving conflicts among couples in Edo State. Anchored on Family Systems Theory and Conflict Theory, the study employed a descriptive survey design involving 200 married respondents selected from four major towns: Benin City, Ekpoma, Auchi, and Uromi. A validated and reliable questionnaire was used to collect data on causes of marital conflict, existing resolution methods, and the awareness, utilization, and perceived effectiveness of marital counselling services. Findings revealed that major sources of conflict include poor communication, infidelity, financial stress, and interference from extended family. Despite the recognized benefits of marital counselling, 61% of respondents were unaware of such services, and nearly 60% rarely or never utilized them. However, there was strong support for the establishment of counselling units, with respondents acknowledging their potential to restore harmony and prevent marital breakdown. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between awareness and utilization of counselling services, but no significant gender difference in perceptions of their importance. The study concludes that professional marital counselling units are urgently needed across Edo State and recommends government action, public education, and collaborative efforts with religious and community institutions to promote access and reduce stigma. These efforts are essential to strengthening marriages and fostering societal wellbeing.
Marital Counselling, Units, Conflict Resolution, Couples, and Edo State
DEVELOPING VISUAL-PERCEPTUAL SKILLS OF LEARNERS WITHSPECIAL NEEDS THROUGH A GESTALT-BASED APPROACH: BASIS FORA PROPOSED INTERVENTION PLAN
Visual perception constitutes a foundational cognitive process that underpins a wide range of academic, functional, and adaptive skills, including reading, writing, copying, spatial orientation, and effective interaction with one’s environment. For learners with special needs, particularly those with learning disabilities, attention difficulties, and developmental delays, deficits in visual-perceptual abilities often pose persistent barriers to meaningful learning and classroom participation. Difficulties in visual discrimination, figure–ground perception, visual closure, visual memory, and spatial relations may interfere with task comprehension, accuracy, and independence, thereby increasing the risk of academic frustration and reduced engagement in instructional activities. Addressing these challenges remains a critical concern in special education practice. This study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate a Gestalt-based intervention to enhance the visualperceptual skills of learners with special needs. Based on the Gestalt Theory of Perception, the intervention highlighted holistic processing, meaningful visual organization, and the integration of perceptual elements through principles such as figure–ground, proximity, similarity, closure, and continuity. Findings showed significant improvements in learners’ overall visual-perceptual skills following the Gestalt-based intervention. The biggest gains were seen in visual closure and spatial relations, which were the most difficult areas during the baseline phase. Improvements were also evident in task accuracy, sustained attention, and learners’ ability to complete activities more independently. Although some visual-perceptual areas still needed instructional support, the overall results indicated positive, consistent changes during the intervention phase, with some maintenance of gains during the withdrawal phase. Furthermore, the study concluded that Gestalt-based instructional strategies are an effective and practical method for developing integrated visual-perceptual skills among learners with special needs. By emphasizing holistic visual organization and structured perceptual experiences, such interventions seem to contribute not only to perceptual skill development but also to broader learning behaviors, including attention regulation and task engagement
: Inclusive Education, Assessment, Behavior, Challenges, Classroom Discipline, Intervention Program, Learning Environment, Public School Teachers, Special Education, Special Education
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN READING PREFERENCES AND READINGCOMPREHENSION AMONG GRADE 10 STUDENTS: BASIS FOR ACONTEXTUALIZED ENGLISH INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY FRAMEWORK
This study explored the connection between reading preferences and reading comprehension among Grade 10 students to establish empirical foundations for developing a contextualized English instructional strategy framework. The research was driven by the growing recognition that modern learners engage with texts through multiple modalities, including print and digital formats. Although students are exposed to various reading types, higher-order comprehension skills—especially evaluative reasoning—are still underdeveloped. A descriptive–correlational research design was used. The study took place at Cabiao National High School during the 2025–2026 school year. Respondents were chosen through stratified random sampling to ensure proportional representation of Grade 10 students. Data were collected using two research tools: a researcher-made Reading Preferences Questionnaire and a Reading Comprehension Test that measured literal, inferential, and evaluative comprehension. Findings showed that students exhibited a very high level of literal comprehension, a significant level of inferential comprehension, and a moderate level of evaluative comprehension. These results suggest that, while students are generally skilled at identifying explicit details and making basic inferences from texts, they face more challenges when engaging in higher-order evaluative thinking. The results also revealed that students prefer digital and multimodal reading formats, reflecting modern trends in information consumption. However, unfamiliar vocabulary and lengthy passages were identified as major obstacles that impede comprehension. Statistical analyses showed no significant differences in reading comprehension based on age, sex, and monthly family income, indicating that comprehension performance remained fairly consistent across these demographic groups. Based on these findings, the study concludes that aligning instructional strategies with students’ reading preferences can boost reading engagement and understanding. The results emphasize the importance of integrating digital and multimodal reading materials, enhancing vocabulary instruction, and designing classroom activities that foster higher-order thinking skills. As a result, a contextualized English instructional strategy framework was developed to help teachers incorporate students’ reading preferences into reading instruction, thereby improving comprehension outcomes and supporting more meaningful literacy growth among Grade 10 learners
Reading Preferences, Reading Comprehension, Grade 10 Students, Contextualized English Teaching Strategies, Genre, Digital Texts.
EFFECTIVENESS OF USING COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION INTEACHING UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS
Integration of computers in teaching is one of the current trends in the Philippines. The Department of Education has provided computers to students to help them keep pace with the demands of 21stcentury learning. The purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental study was to determine the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction in teaching Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. The sample drawn from Matarinao School of Fisheries was purposively assigned to two groups of students. They were tested at the beginning and end of the first quarter of the school year 2023 – 2024 with a Pre-Test to assess progress. One group of students received computer-assisted instruction, while the second group received the lecture discussion method. Test mean scores of students in the group that received computer-assisted instruction were higher than those of their peers at the pre-test. Similarly, the test mean scores of students who received computer-assisted instruction were higher than those who were exposed to the lecture discussion method at the post-test. The t-test value of the post-test mean score between computer-assisted instruction and the lecture discussion method is 5.46, indicating a highly significant difference between the post-test mean scores of the students exposed to computer-assisted instruction and the lecture discussion method. The use of computer-assisted instruction is much more effective in teaching Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics compared to the lecture discussion method. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers utilize computer-assisted instruction in teaching Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics to improve the academic performance of students.
Computer-assisted instruction, control group, effectiveness, experimental group, lecture-discussion method
EXPLORING TEACHERS’ LIVED EXPERIENCES IN SUPPORTINGSTUDENTS WITH AUTISM IN INCLUSIVE CLASSROOMS: BASISFOR A TEACHER SUPPORT FRAMEWORK
Inclusive education is now a key goal for providing all students, including those with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), access to quality learning. As more students with autism are integrated into general education classrooms, teachers are essential to translating inclusive policies into practical teaching approaches. Yet, many teachers face difficulties due to limited training, lack of institutional support, and the complex behavioral and social needs of autistic students. This study examined the experiences of general education teachers supporting students with autism in inclusive settings to inform the development of a teacher support framework. This study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach, involving purposively selected general education teachers from private elementary schools in the Philippines who directly teach students with autism. Data collection included semi-structured, in-depth interviews and classroom observations. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, revealing patterns and themes related to teachers’ experiences, challenges, coping mechanisms, and support requirements. Findings revealed that teachers face persistent challenges related to time constraints, behavioral management, communication difficulties, limited professional preparation, and emotional demands. The study also highlighted gaps in institutional support, underscoring the need for advocacy and action from policymakers and educational leaders to better support teachers in inclusive settings. Based on the findings, a Teacher Support Framework was proposed to address identified needs and strengthen inclusive practices. This framework aims to enhance teacher preparedness, well-being, and instructional effectiveness, ultimately improving educational outcomes for students with autism in inclusive classrooms
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Inclusive Education
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREPAREDNESS AND COMPETENCYOF THE PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION:BASIS FOR A PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Inclusive education has emerged as a key educational reform agenda aimed at ensuring equitable learning opportunities for all students, regardless of their abilities, backgrounds, or learning needs. As schools continue to adopt inclusive practices, teachers are expected to respond to increasingly diverse classroom demands. However, the success of inclusive education largely depends on teachers’ professional commitment, their competence in implementing inclusive practices, and the extent of organizational support provided by school leadership. This study examined the relationship among teachers’ professional commitment, organizational support, and competence in implementing inclusive education. The study employed a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design to assess the levels of professional commitment, perceived organizational support, and competence in inclusive education among teachers, and to examine the relationships among these variables. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between teachers’ professional commitment and their competence in implementing inclusive education, indicating that teachers with stronger commitment tend to demonstrate higher competence in inclusive instructional practices. Similarly, a significant relationship was found between organizational support and teachers’ competence, suggesting that institutional backing plays a crucial role in enhancing teachers’ ability to manage inclusive classrooms effectively. Based on the findings, the study concludes that inclusive education cannot be sustained through policy mandates alone. Rather, it requires a supportive school environment that fosters teacher commitment, provides adequate resources, and promotes continuous professional development. Teachers who feel valued, supported, and empowered by their institutions are more likely to develop the competence and confidence needed to address diverse learner needs
Inclusive Education, Assessment, Behavior, Challenges, Classroom Discipline, Intervention Program, Learning Environment, Public School Teachers, Special Education
AN ASSESSMENT OF CROSS RIVER STATE’S PREPAREDNESS ANDCAPACITY FOR THE EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEWLYREVIEWED AND REVISED FEDERAL GOVERNMENT CURRICULUM
This study examined the readiness of Cross River State for the implementation of the Federal Government’s new curriculum, focusing on teacher preparedness, school infrastructure, teaching resources, challenges, and strategies to enhance effective adoption. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, targeting teachers, school administrators, and education officers in public primary and secondary schools across the state. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and interview schedules and analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency, and percentages) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation) to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that the overall level of preparedness of schools and teachers was moderate, with significant gaps in infrastructure, teaching materials, and ICT resources. Major challenges hindering curriculum implementation included inadequate teacher training, poor school infrastructure, limited teaching resources, weak administrative support, and lack of ICT integration. The study also found that teacher preparedness, school infrastructure, and provision of teaching resources were positively and significantly related to effective curriculum implementation. Strategies recommended to enhance readiness included continuous teacher training, provision of adequate infrastructure and instructional materials, strengthening policy and administrative support, engaging communities and stakeholders, and instituting regular assessment and feedback mechanisms. The study concludes that while teachers in Cross River State demonstrate some awareness of the new curriculum, limitations in resources, infrastructure, and professional development hinder effective implementation. A multifaceted approach addressing these challenges is essential for achieving the objectives of the new curriculum and ensuring quality education outcomes
Curriculum Implementation, Teacher Preparedness, School Readiness, Teaching Resources, Cross River State, Nigeria
CHALLENGES OF TEACHERS EDUCATION IN PROMOTION OFQUALITY EDUCATION
Every nation strives towards the provision of quality education for its citizens in realization of the fact that it is necessary to engineer and consolidate any nation’s developmental process. This cannot be achieved without teachers because education can be achieved through teaching and learning. However, achieving quality education could be a mirage when teacher education is not in good shape. This is true because the quality of educational system depends on the quality of teachers in the system. This paper conceptually examined challenges of teachers’ education in promotion of quality education velopment; issues of teacher education in Nigeria; the roles of professional development programme for teachers in Nigeria well as challenges of teachers’ education. The roles of educational management agencies in mitigating the Challenges of Teachers’ education were discussed. It was concluded that capacity development among teachers require the support of educational management agencies such as the State Ministry of Education, National Educational Research Development Centres (NERDC), National Institute for Education Planning and Administration (NIEPA), teachers’ association/unions, school proprietors and principals all have roles to play in the quality assurance of teacher education. Consequently, it was suggested that teachers’ education fund should be instituted through legislative process whereby companies operating in Nigeria would contribute at least 0.5 to 1% of their profits to professional development of teachers as part of their social responsibility
Challenges, Teacher Education, Quality Education
IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AND ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLSON EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY FOR HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND)STUDENTS IN FEDERAL POLYTECHNICS IN EDO STATE
The study investigated the impact of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial skills on employment opportunity for Higher National Diploma (HND) students in Federal Polytechnics in Edo State, Nigeria, which are National Institute of Construction Technology and Management (NICTM), Uromi and Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi. The descriptive survey research design was adopted and the instrument for data collection was a modified 4-point likert in the form of a questionnaire, which comprised thirty-five (35) question items divided into sections A and B. The population of the study comprised HND 1 and 2 of the selected institutions. The simple random and stratified/proportional sampling techniques was used to select 328 respondents from both polytechnics studied, NICTM was 62 while Auchi polytechnic was 266. Data analysis was done using, frequencies, percentages and mean scores drawn from Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) with 2.5 benchmark as the significant level. The study reveals that HND students affirm the multifaceted roles of entrepreneurship education in their employment prospects with grand mean of 3.24, there is moderate satisfaction on teaching facility effectiveness with 3.14 grand mean, students perceive both the teaching methods and instructional strategies as generally effective with grand mean of 3.30, there is a strong positive relationship between entrepreneurship education and the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills with a grand mean of 3.40, the absence of any strong disagreement responses is notable and reflects a generally positive student experience on entrepreneurial skills with a grand mean of 3.55, respondents affirmed that there is strong perceived impact of entrepreneurship skills on employment opportunities with a grand mean of 3.49. the study recommends amongst others that there should be curriculum reform to incorporate risk-taking and networking, there should be improvement of teaching facilities and resources, there should be policy commitment to entrepreneurship education outcomes and continuous professional development for entrepreneurship lecturers
Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial, Education, Employment, Students, Federal Polytechnic
MULTIDISCIPLINARY INSIGHTS INTO THE TRANSFORMATIVE POTENTIALOF TRANSDISCIPLINARY AND TRANSCULTURAL FRAMEWORKS FOR THEADVANCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
Environmental education (EE) in Nigeria faces multifaceted challenges, including limited curriculum integration, cultural fragmentation, and weak policy enforcement. This paper explores how transdisciplinary and transcultural frameworks that are accepted globally for promoting holistic and inclusive education can transform environmental education in Nigeria. Drawing on recent literature, the study put forwards that blending these frameworks could bridge knowledge systems, integrate indigenous wisdom, and address the nation's complex environmental issues through collaborative, culturally responsive pedagogy. The findings have implications for educational policy and practice in Nigeria, as well as for wider efforts to promote sustainability education in different cultural settings. This paper adds to the existing body of knowledge about decolonizing environmental education and developing more inclusive, contextually relevant ways of addressing environmental challenges for improving the quality of environmental education in Nigeria
Environmental Education, Advancement, Frameworks, Multidisciplinary, Transdisciplinary, Transcultural
IMPACT OF STUDENT INVOLVEMENT IN RADIO PRODUCTION ON PRACTICALSKILLS ACQUISITION OF MASS COMMUNICATION STUDENTS IN NIGERIA
This study investigated the impact of student involvement in radio production on the acquisition of practical skills among Mass Communication students in selected government-owned universities across Nigeria. The research was motivated by the increasing need for experiential learning platforms in media education, with campus radio identified as a key avenue for practical training. Specifically, the study aimed to (1) identify the level of student involvement in various aspects of radio production, (2) assess the extent to which participation enhances practical broadcasting skills, (3) evaluate the influence of institutional facilities on skill acquisition, and (4) determine the role of supervision and mentoring in students’ practical learning. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 1,955 students from a population of 10,640 Mass Communication students across twelve universities in Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones. Data were collected through the Student Involvement in Radio Production and Skills Acquisition Questionnaire (SIRPSAQ) and complemented by interviews with lecturers and radio coordinators. Validity and reliability were ensured via expert review and pilot testing, with Cronbach’s Alpha confirming internal consistency. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis at 0.05 significance level, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings revealed that students are moderately involved in radio presentation and programme production, and such participation significantly enhances practical broadcasting skills, including confidence, teamwork, and technical competence. Institutional facilities and resources were found to positively influence skill acquisition, while structured supervision and mentoring further enhanced learning outcomes. All four research hypotheses were rejected, confirming significant differences and relationships between participation, resources, mentorship, and practical skills acquisition. The study concludes that active participation in campus radio, supported by adequate facilities and guidance, is essential for practical skill development in Mass Communication education. It recommends the institutionalization of campus radio participation in curricula, investment in infrastructure, and implementation of structured mentoring programs to enhance professional preparedness and employability of students
Student involvement, Radio production, Practical skills acquisition, Mass Communication students, Campus radio, Experiential learning
EFFECT OF TEACHER DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ RETENTIONOF LABORATORY SKILLS IN MICROBIOLOGY AT COLLEGE LEVEL
This study investigated the effect of teachers’ demonstration methods on the retention of laboratory skills in microbiology among students at the college level in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The study was motivated by concerns about students’ difficulty in retaining practical laboratory skills despite receiving theoretical instruction in microbiology. The study therefore examined how different demonstration methods used by teachers influence students’ understanding and retention of laboratory procedures. The specific objectives of the study were to identify the demonstration methods used in teaching microbiology laboratory skills, examine the influence of these methods on students’ understanding of laboratory procedures, and determine the effect of demonstration methods on students’ retention of microbiology laboratory skills. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of the study consisted of students offering microbiology-related courses in selected tertiary institutions in Akwa Ibom State. A total sample size of 300 respondents was selected for the study using a purposive sampling technique, with 100 students drawn from each of three institutions representing a university, a polytechnic, and a college of education. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire designed to obtain information on the demonstration methods used by teachers and students’ perception of their understanding and retention of microbiology laboratory skills. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, percentages, and mean scores were used to analyze the research questions, while the Chi-square (χ²) statistical test was used to test the research hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The results were presented in tables, charts, and graphical formats for clear interpretation. The findings of the study revealed that the step-by-step demonstration method is the most commonly used method in microbiology laboratory classes, accounting for 42% of lectures, followed by the simultaneous and interactive demonstration methods, while the conventional method was the least used. The results also indicated that the interactive demonstration method produced the highest level of students’ understanding of laboratory procedures, while the interactive method also recorded the highest level of retention of microbiology laboratory skills, followed closely by the step-by-step demonstration method. Furthermore, the Chi-square analysis showed that teachers’ demonstration methods significantly influence the retention of microbiology laboratory skills among students, while gender differences do not significantly influence students’ retention of laboratory skills when demonstration methods are used. Based on the findings, the study concluded that effective demonstration methods, particularly interactive and step-by-step approaches, significantly enhance students’ understanding and retention of microbiology laboratory skills in tertiary institutions. The study therefore recommended that teachers should adopt more interactive and structured demonstration methods in microbiology laboratory teaching to improve students’ practical competence and learning outcomes
Demonstration Method, Laboratory Skills, Retention, Microbiology, Tertiary Institution, Teaching Method
IMPACT OF FUEL PRICE ON TRANSPORTATION COST IN NIGERIA
Transportation is a fundamental driver of economic development and social mobility in any country. Over the past two decades, fuel price fluctuations especially for Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), commonly known as petrol have remained a critical issue in the Nigerian economy, largely due to recurring fuel subsidy removals, This study, therefore, seeks to bridge that knowledge gap by applying statistical tools such as frequency analysis, regression, and chi-square testing to examine the actual impact of fuel price increases on transportation costs in Nigeria. The study uses secondary data of fuel price and transportation cost from 25 fuel stations and 13 transport companies also from the internet and employed a descriptive survey research design with statistical components. This design allows the use of inferential statistical methods such as chi-square, correlation, and regression analyses. The result revealed the trend of fuel prices in Nigeria from 2020 to 2024 shows gradual increase from 2020 to 2023, followed by a sharp surge in 2024, which can be attributed to the removal of fuel subsidies and market deregulation. Also the trend of fuel price, cost of transport (intra city and inter-city) has a strong upward trajectory for all three variables, with a notable spike in 2024. It was further discovered there exist a strong and positive relationship between fuel price and transportation cost across Nigeria. This was evident in the correlation coefficient (r = 0.81), indicating a high degree of association. Furthermore, regression analysis showed that a ₦1 increase in fuel price leads to an average increase of ₦9.50 in transportation fare. Analysis of respondents opinions on the impact of fuel price on daily cost of transportation revealed workers reported the strongest agreement (78%) with the highest mean of 3.9 that fuel price increases daily transport costs then followed by traders with agreement of (75%), then students had slightly lower agreement of (67%). On coping strategies adopting cheaper transport alternatives (e.g., buses instead of taxis, carpooling) was the most common strategy (66%), reducing non-essential trips was reported by 59.3% of respondents, trekking or carpooling was also common (55%), especially among students (65%). using motorcycles or bicycles was the least frequent coping strategy (29%), mainly in rural or semi-urban areas. The overall mean (M = 3.81, SD = 0.89) indicates that respondents generally agreed they actively adopt coping strategies when fuel prices increase. The study therefore concludes that fuel price is a dominant and statistically significant determinant of transportation cost in Nigeria
Fuel, Subsidy, Transportation, Cost, Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), Regression, Correlation
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF MALARIA PREVALENCE AMONGPREGNANT WOMEN IN AKWA IBOM
Malaria being a serious infectious disease has been a public health challenge in Nigeria, despite decades of effort to eliminate or control it, malaria has continue to thrive in the country accounting for mortality. This has in decades subjected pregnant women to the risk of anemia, low birth weight, premature delivery and perinatal mortality hence the need for this research ‘Statistical Analysis of Malaria Prevalence among Pregnant Women in Akwa Ibom’ to statistically analyze prevalence of malaria among pregnant women in Akwa Ibom State and assess the causes with preventive practice (use of ITN). The study adopted Experimental Research Design to obtain blood specimen of 300 pregnant women in the clinical Laboratory for test. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. Furthermore chi square test was performed to check relationship between social demographic factor such as Educational Level and the prevalence/cases of Malaria also to check the relationship between the use of ITN and the cases of Malaria. The Experimental Results on severity of Malaria revealed Malaria one plus (+) at mire stage is of 30% cases with the mean of 1.2 which is slightly lower to the mean of Malaria two plus (+ +) at more severe stage with mean of 1.3 and 32% of cases. It also revealed the mean of the most severe stage of Malaria (+ + +) to be 0.3 with 7% of cases, this implies out of every 30 pregnant women tested of Malaria at least two (2) cases will be very severe with Malaria three plus (+ + +). While the non significant cases are 31% with 1.2 mean. The analysis also revealed that the prevalence/cases of Malaria among pregnant women is dominant with mean of 1.4 and percentage of 69%, making more than 6 pregnant women out of every 10 pregnant women are found to be living with malaria where 92 pregnant women accounting for 31% are without malaria. Also, the analysis revealed a decrease in the cases of Malaria with higher educational level attained. It also revealed that approximately more than 98% of pregnant women are aware of Malaria among the analyzed samples less than 1.4% indicated not aware. Hence it can be concluded that up to 99 pregnant women out of 100 pregnant women in Akwa Ibom State are aware of Malaria. It also revealed that Mosquito causes more than half of the Malaria cases among Pregnant women in Akwa Ibom State. Malaria cases increased from regular uses of ITN of 38% to 92% non-users of ITN, the difference is 54% increment. Also, the line graph of the non cases of Malaria with usage of ITN showed decrement with non usage of ITN. Hence it can be concluded that the use of ITN is a good measure to reduce the prevalence/cases of Malaria and to increase the non prevalence/cases each by 54% among pregnant women in Akwa Ibom. The hypothesis, p = 0.0012 < 0.05 with χ²-value of 10.56 revealed statistically significant association between social Demographic factor and cases of Malaria among pregnant women, therefore we reject H0. Also since p = 0.0027 < 0.05 with χ²-value of 9.03 revealed statistically significant association between the use of ITN and malaria infection/cases among pregnant women in Akwa Ibom State, hence we reject H0. Women who used ITNs were significantly less likely to contract malaria
Malaria, Pregnant women, Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs), Mosquitos, Prevalence
A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF EMPIRICAL AUTHENTICITY INNIGERIAN TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH: THE PERSPECTIVE OF ATECHNOLOGY EDUCATOR
This appraisal critically examines the empirical authenticity of technological research within Nigeria’s Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sector. Despite TVET’s role as a catalyst for industrialisation and the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), a significant divergence exists between theoretical research ideals and practical academic output.This paper identifies a prevailing "methodological mono-culture," characterised by an over-reliance on descriptive surveys (exceeding 90% in some faculties) at the expense of experimental designs. This trend is exacerbated by chronic infrastructural decay, erratic power supply, and a profound disconnect between academia and industry. Furthermore, a burgeoning ethical crisis, marked by a 22% admission rate of fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism, undermines the integrity of the nation's empirical research enterprise. Utilising meta-analytic findings and evaluative frameworks like the Kirkpatrick model, the analysis reveals that even when pedagogical interventions succeed, they often fail to translate into economic impact. The study concludes that reclaiming empirical integrity requires a structural realignment toward longitudinal experimentation, ethical fortification, and industry-synced research agendas within the Nigerian context
TVET, Empirical Authenticity, Methodological Mono-culture, Research Misconduct (FFP), Kirkpatrick Model
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: ASTUDY ON KADUNA METROPOLIS CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Conflict is an inherent and disruptive feature of the construction industry globally, leading to significant cost overruns, project delays, and adversarial relationships. This is an investigation of the dynamics of conflict management within the Nigerian construction industry, with a specific focus on Kaduna Metropolis. A quantitative research approach was adopted for data collection and hence, the data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered electronically design in google form to key industry stakeholders, including clients, consultants, and contractors. The research was guided by three primary objectives: to identify the primary causes of conflict, to assess the effectiveness of factors contributing to conflicts, and to propose a structured framework for effective conflict management in the study area. Analysis of the collected data was through a likert 5-point scale in SPSS which revealed that the most prevalent causes of conflict are variations and change orders, payment delays and cash flow problems, and ambiguities in contract documents. Furthermore, the assessment of traditional resolution methods such as litigation and negotiation indicated widespread dissatisfaction among practitioners, citing prolonged timelines, high costs, and the destruction of business relationships as major drawbacks. Upon the empirical findings, the research work proposes a proactive, multi-tiered conflict management framework tailored to the Kaduna construction context. The framework emphasizes the institutionalization of early warning systems, mandatory pre-contract risk and conflict workshops, and a graduated resolution pathway that prioritizes collaborative methods like negotiation and mediation before escalating to more adversarial processes. Moreover, the study concludes that adopting a structured, proactive approach to conflict management is imperative for improving project performance, fostering collaboration, and enhancing the overall sustainability of the construction industry in Kaduna Metropolis and similar regional centers in Nigeria. The study confirms that effective conflict management, particularly the use of collaborative and compromise-based strategies, positively influences project performance metrics (time, cost, and quality). It concludes that institutionalizing formal, proactive conflict resolution mechanisms is crucial for achieving project success and recommends mandatory training on collaborative techniques for all project personnel
Construction, Conflict, Equipment and Environment
DEVELOPING PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT (PLM) STRATEGIESTO ENHANCE ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE IN AUTOMOTIVE PROJECTS:A CASE STUDY OF INNOSON MOTORS, NIGERIA
This research investigates the impact of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) strategies on engineering performance at Innoson Motors, Nigeria’s leading automotive manufacturer. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study combines quantitative surveys with qualitative insights, analyzing data from 172 respondents through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship (r = 0.612, p = 0.000) between PLM adoption and engineering performance, with strategies such as digital project management tools and CAD/CAM integration being most prevalent. Regression results indicate that PLM explains approximately 57% of the variance in performance improvements (R² = 0.570), confirming its substantial impact. The study also identifies key challenges, including staff resistance, high costs, system integration issues, and skills gaps, which significantly hinder successful implementation. These insights have important implications for Nigerian automotive firms aiming to leverage digital transformation for competitive advantage. The research emphasizes the need for strategic change management, capacity building, and supportive policies to overcome barriers and maximize PLM benefits. The study contributes to academic literature on digital transformation in emerging markets and provides practical recommendations for industry stakeholders. Future studies could explore longitudinal effects and organizational culture influences to further deepen understanding in this area
Product Lifecycle Management, Engineering Performance, Digital Transformation, Automotive Industry, and Nigeria
ASSESSING THE COVERAGE AREA AND DISTRIBUTION OFHEALTHCARE FACILITIES IN SHEFFIELD, UK USING GEO-SPATIALTECHNOLOGY
The paper focuses on accessibility and dispersion of healthcare facilities which are crucial for upholding social stability as well as the protection of fundamental human rights to healthcare. Access to healthcare services means a timely use of available care services to achieve the best health outcomes, and its influence on the overall physical, social, and mental health status. Geographic Information System (GIS) emphasizes the spatial pattern i.e. accessibility while the rest of the dimensions may be seen as non-spatial. The 2021 population census data of Sheffield was obtained from www.nomisweb.co.uk/source/census_2021 was used in this study. The location and coordinates of all the healthcare facilities was also sourced from Google Earth Pro software. Buffering, Erase, Queries and Nearest Neighbor Analysis operations were carried out to determine the coverage area of those healthcare facility deprived areas and also the population deprived of easy utilization and accessibility to those healthcare facilities.
Geo-Spatial Technology, Healthcare, Accessibility, Distribution, Health Services
LIVED EXPERIENCES OF GENERAL EDUCATION TEACHERS ININCLUSIVE CLASSROOMS AT ASPEN MIDDLE SCHOOL: A BASIS FORPROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT TRAINING
This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of general education teachers in inclusive classrooms at Aspen Middle School, Colorado. Using a qualitative phenomenological research design, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with five general education teachers to understand their perceptions, challenges, level of preparedness, and strategies for supporting diverse learners. Findings indicate three essential requirements for successful inclusive education: first, teachers value a consistent and specialized discipline system to manage challenging behaviors influenced by students’ family backgrounds; second, teachers must be fully equipped with adequate teaching materials and specialized facilities to address the differentiated needs of learners; and third, teachers demonstrate strong commitment to data-driven lesson planning, ensuring instruction enhances every student’s capabilities. These results highlight the importance of prioritizing teacher preparation before inclusive programs begin, providing systemic support through resources and facilities, and fostering strong teacher engagement and pedagogical commitment. The study further supports the development of professional development training designed to strengthen teachers’ capacity to implement inclusive education effectively and promote equitable learning outcomes for all students
Inclusive Education, General Education Teachers, Professional Development, Diverse Learners
REVISITING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NUMERACY ENHANCEMENTACTIVITY PROGRAM (NEAP): RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROGRAMADJUSTMENT
The true strength of a country is determined by its citizens' cognitive abilities rather than its natural resources. Literacy and numeracy, are not only as parts of the academics but also are the vital DNA that unlock individual potential and, collectively, the nation’s destiny, serving as the non-negotiable prerequisite for a modern, democratic society. Programs that proactively address numeracy weaknesses fundamentally elevate the nation’s human capital. The study specifically sought the assessment of teachers and parents in the Numeracy Enhancement Activity Program (NEAP) as an intervention initiative for grade two learners in terms of program delivery, instructional materials, facilities and parents’/guardians’ support. This research showed that teachers and parents have a favorable perspective on the Numeracy Enhancement Assessment Program (NEAP), concurring on its good implementation, the sufficiency of instructional resources, and the learning environment of the program is considered favorable. Although teachers gave parental support a slightly lower rating than parents did, there is no discernible difference in how support is perceived. The success of the NEAP proves its capacity to significantly narrow the skills gap among children. NEAP intervention results for three school years (2022-2025) all indicated a positive impact on the learners. Overall, the NEAP intervention has greatly raised the competency levels of the students who lacked numeracy skills, and is highly effective at closing the numeracy skill disparity. The proposed program adjustment focuses on the overall effectiveness of NEAP initiative addressing key areas identified in the assessment- namely, program delivery, instructional materials, learning facilities, and parental support
Numeracy Enhancement Activity Program (NEAP), program adjustment
EFFECTIVENESS OF PHONO VISUAL ORAL SOUND BLENDINGMEANING (PVOSBM) APPROACH IN TEACHING READING ANDLITERACY AMONG GRADE 1 LEARNERS
It is believed that learners who are deemed proficient readers also tend to have a greater understanding of various reading abilities, such as vocabulary growth, word choice, style, and knowledge of varied ethical diversity throughout cultures. Given the significance of early reading skills in shaping learners' academic success, this study is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the Phono-Visual Oral Sound Blending Meaning (PVOSBM) approach in enhancing reading and literacy among Grade 1 learners. Measuring the improvements in the mean scores of the grade one pupils before and after the exposures of the traditional method revealed from above establishing the alpha error of 0.05 with the degrees of freedom of 12, and the equivalent critical values for both one – tailed and two – tailed numerically 1.782 and 2.179 respectively, since the computed t – value solely for the traditional method result shows to be greater than those critical values for both one – tailed and two – tailed tests, the study attempted reject the null hypothesis to signify the fate of having improvements of the grade one pupils under the traditional method of reading. Moreover, utilizations for the PVOSBM Approach could guarantee the increase of the reading ability schemes of the learners. Seminars and trainings pertaining to the PVOSBM approach and other differentiated instructions to are highly recommended in the attainment of reading proficiency
Phono Visual Oral Sound Blending Meaning, Reading Literacy, Grade 1 learners, SDO Eastern Samar, DepEd Philippines
EVALUATING SCHOOL CULTURE AS A BASIS FOR ENHANCINGSCHOOL EFFECTIVENESS
School culture plays a vital role in determining the success of students, teachers, and parents, as it shapes the institution’s atmosphere, expectations, relationships, and overall climate. A positive school culture provides the essential foundation for student growth and achievement. It also supports teacher retention by promoting job satisfaction and professional development, while strengthening parental and community involvement, thereby extending the school’s influence beyond the classroom. This study examined stakeholders’ perceptions of school culture, focusing on the dimensions of unity of purpose, collaborative relationships, learning partnerships, and collaborative leadership. It assessed the views of employees, parents, and students regarding the school’s effectiveness in terms of communication, instruction, and school atmosphere. Furthermore, the research explored the relationship between school culture and school effectiveness as perceived by employees. Findings revealed significant differences among employees, parents, and students in their assessments of communication and school atmosphere. However, no significant differences were found in their perceptions of instruction and overall school effectiveness. Statistical analysis indicated a positive relationship between the school’s operational culture and its measurable effectiveness. Employees demonstrated strong commitment and upheld core values such as respect and teamwork, fostering unity among leaders, teachers, students, and parents. This shared culture contributed to effective school operations, quality instruction, and the holistic development of learners. Based on these findings, an enhancement program was proposed to further strengthen school operations and sustain a positive, collaborative culture.
FROM ALGORITHM TO LESSON PLAN: INTEGRITY, ACCOUNTABILITYAND LEARNING OUTCOMES OF AI-ASSISTED TOOLS IN PUBLICSECONDARY SCHOOLS IN CROSS RIVER STATE
This study examined the use of AI-assisted tools in lesson planning and instruction and their effects on integrity, accountability, and learning outcomes in public secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and involved a population of 5,302 teachers and 77,485 students. Using Taro Yamane’s formula, a sample size of 770 respondents (372 teachers and 398 students) was selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using mean scores and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The findings revealed that the use of AI-assisted tools in lesson planning and instruction was moderate among teachers and was similarly perceived by students. The study also found that AIassisted tools have a moderate positive effect on integrity and accountability in teaching and learning, and a moderate positive effect on students’ learning outcomes. Pearson correlation results indicated significant positive relationships between the use of AI-assisted tools and the quality of lesson delivery (r = 0.46; p < 0.05), integrity and accountability (r = 0.41; p < 0.05), and students’ learning outcomes (r = 0.44; p < 0.05). The study concluded that AI-assisted tools have the potential to improve teaching quality, promote integrity and accountability, and enhance students’ learning outcomes in public secondary schools. However, the integration of AI tools is constrained by limited access, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient training. The study recommended improved ICT infrastructure, teacher training, ethical guidelines for AI use, and effective monitoring mechanisms to enhance AI adoption and maximize its benefits in secondary education
AI-assisted tools, lesson planning, integrity, accountability, learning outcomes, public secondary schools, Cross River State
DEVELOPMENT OF MALARIA PARASITE DIAGNOSIS EXPERT SYSTEM(MPDEXS) USING FUZZY LOGIC
This research work is focused on the implementation of a Malaria Parasite Diagnosis Expert System (MPDExS) using fuzzy logic approach. The research work was necessary because of the problems of the existing system such as Malaria diagnosis can only be performed by a medical professional, late identification of malaria may lead to death. The traditional method of medical diagnosis of malaria is characterized with the problem of precision and accuracy. In view of these problems, the objectives of the study are to implement a fuzzy logic based system that can be used to diagnose malaria in the absence of medical professional, to create a system that can be used on a personal computer to diagnose malaria, thereby reducing need to visit health centre and to develop an expert system that will be used to diagnose malaria using fuzzy logic parameters such as Body Mass Index (BMI), temperature and pulse rate. The significance of the research work are it will provide non-medical experts with a useful tool for malaria diagnosis, the system can be used for the diagnosis of malaria even in the absence of a medical expert, the system will help to reduce late diagnosis of malaria. The development methodology used is waterfall model. The design methodology used is Object Oriented Analysis and design. MATLAB programming language is chosen for the implementation
Malaria Parasite Diagnosis, Expert System (MPDExS), Fuzzy Logic, Implementation & Development
ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS PRACTICES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCEOF SMALL BUSINESSES IN SOUTH-SOUTH GEOPOLITICAL ZONE, NIGERIA
Small businesses constitute the backbone of Nigeria’s economy, especially within the South-South geopolitical zone, a region characterized by significant commercial activities and local entrepreneurship. This empirical study investigates the relationship between business practices and financial performance among small enterprises in the South-South zone. The study utilized quantitative survey methods to collect data from 379 small business owners across Rivers, Delta, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, and Edo states. Findings revealed that effective business planning, financial record-keeping, marketing strategies, customer relations, and ethical practices significantly influence financial performance indicators such as profitability, liquidity, and growth. Results suggest that enhancing structured business practices improves financial outcomes. The study concludes with recommendations for policy adjustments, capacity building, and improved access to financial services.
Assessment of Business Practices, Financial Performance of Small Businesses in South-South Geopolitical Zone, Nigeria
FACTORS INFLUENCING MEDICATION ERRORS AMONG NURSES INCLINICAL SETTINGS OF SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN THENORTHERN SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
Medication errors remain a major challenge in healthcare delivery, compromising patient safety and quality of care. This study examined the factors influencing medication errors among nurses in secondary health facilities in the Northern Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria. The objectives were to determine the influence of nurse-related, institutional, and workplace/environmental factors on the occurrence of medication errors. A descriptive crosssectional survey design was employed, and data were collected from 186 registered nurses using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize respondents’ characteristics and perceptions, while Pearson correlation analysis tested the relationships between independent variables and medication errors at a 0.05 significance level. The results indicated that all three categories of factors: nurse-related, institutional, and workplace/environmental had significant positive relationships with medication errors. Fatigue, inadequate knowledge, poor adherence to protocols, inadequate staffing, weak supervision, poor communication, high workload, and workplace distractions were identified as key contributors to errors. The study concludes that medication errors are multifactorial and arise from the interaction of individual, organizational, and environmental factors. It is recommended that interventions such as continuous nurse training, workload management, improved supervision, effective communication, technological support, and a supportive work environment be implemented to reduce medication errors and enhance patient safety.
Medication Errors, Nurse-Related Factors, Institutional Factors, Workplace Factors, Secondary Health Facilities, Patient Safety
FACTORS INFLUENCING MEDICATION ERRORS AMONG NURSES INCLINICAL SETTINGS OF SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN THENORTHERN SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF CROSS RIVER STATE,NIGERIA
Medication errors remain a major challenge in healthcare delivery, compromising patient safety and quality of care. This study examined the factors influencing medication errors among nurses in secondary health facilities in the Northern Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria. The objectives were to determine the influence of nurse-related, institutional, and workplace/environmental factors on the occurrence of medication errors. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed, and data were collected from 186 registered nurses using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize respondents’ characteristics and perceptions, while Pearson correlation analysis tested the relationships between independent variables and medication errors at a 0.05 significance level. The results indicated that all three categories of factors: nurse-related, institutional, and workplace/environmental had significant positive relationships with medication errors. Fatigue, inadequate knowledge, poor adherence to protocols, inadequate staffing, weak supervision, poor communication, high workload, and workplace distractions were identified as key contributors to errors. The study concludes that medication errors are multifactorial and arise from the interaction of individual, organizational, and environmental factors. It is recommended that interventions such as continuous nurse training, workload management, improved supervision, effective communication, technological support, and a supportive work environment be implemented to reduce medication errors and enhance patient safety.
medication errors, nurse-related factors, institutional factors, workplace factors, secondary health facilities, patient safety
MEDIA ADVOCACY AND SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY INSOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
South-South Nigeria is an economic hub of Nigeria. It is the region that has largest oil and gas deposit that accounts for the growing country’s Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and 80 percent of its revenue. The region is however bedeviled by acute shortage of food for the population, forcing it to rely on other geopolitical zones for its daily food needs. The study therefore was undertaken to uncover suitable media platforms for advocacy in the production and sustenance of food security in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Other objectives of the study included to identify media strategies and platforms for possible synergies that would guarantee food sustainability in the region. More so, to ensure media partnership with the government in policy formulation, education and enlightenment on food security as well as mobilize farmers to embrace government policies on agriculture and explore those agriculture business portfolios available to bring about food security in the region. The scope of the study is South-South region covering Akwa Ibom and Cross River States only. To build a solid foundation, the study was laced with agenda setting theory. The population of the study is 10,408325 as projected by the National Population Commission. Adopting the survey method, the sample of the work was 400 using Taro Yamane’s formula. The study revealed and concluded that the media as the veritable instruments could play the role of ensuring food security and sustainability in the region, particularly when they are synergized. It recommended the continuous interface of media between the government and the citizen especially as it concerns food security
Media, Advocacy, Food Sustainability, Security