ASIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: ASTUDY ON KADUNA METROPOLIS CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Conflict is an inherent and disruptive feature of the construction industry globally, leading to significant cost overruns, project delays, and adversarial relationships. This is an investigation of the dynamics of conflict management within the Nigerian construction industry, with a specific focus on Kaduna Metropolis. A quantitative research approach was adopted for data collection and hence, the data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered electronically design in google form to key industry stakeholders, including clients, consultants, and contractors. The research was guided by three primary objectives: to identify the primary causes of conflict, to assess the effectiveness of factors contributing to conflicts, and to propose a structured framework for effective conflict management in the study area. Analysis of the collected data was through a likert 5-point scale in SPSS which revealed that the most prevalent causes of conflict are variations and change orders, payment delays and cash flow problems, and ambiguities in contract documents. Furthermore, the assessment of traditional resolution methods such as litigation and negotiation indicated widespread dissatisfaction among practitioners, citing prolonged timelines, high costs, and the destruction of business relationships as major drawbacks. Upon the empirical findings, the research work proposes a proactive, multi-tiered conflict management framework tailored to the Kaduna construction context. The framework emphasizes the institutionalization of early warning systems, mandatory pre-contract risk and conflict workshops, and a graduated resolution pathway that prioritizes collaborative methods like negotiation and mediation before escalating to more adversarial processes. Moreover, the study concludes that adopting a structured, proactive approach to conflict management is imperative for improving project performance, fostering collaboration, and enhancing the overall sustainability of the construction industry in Kaduna Metropolis and similar regional centers in Nigeria. The study confirms that effective conflict management, particularly the use of collaborative and compromise-based strategies, positively influences project performance metrics (time, cost, and quality). It concludes that institutionalizing formal, proactive conflict resolution mechanisms is crucial for achieving project success and recommends mandatory training on collaborative techniques for all project personnel
Construction, Conflict, Equipment and Environment
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DEVELOPING PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT (PLM) STRATEGIESTO ENHANCE ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE IN AUTOMOTIVE PROJECTS:A CASE STUDY OF INNOSON MOTORS, NIGERIA
This research investigates the impact of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) strategies on engineering performance at Innoson Motors, Nigeria’s leading automotive manufacturer. Employing a mixed-method approach, the study combines quantitative surveys with qualitative insights, analyzing data from 172 respondents through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship (r = 0.612, p = 0.000) between PLM adoption and engineering performance, with strategies such as digital project management tools and CAD/CAM integration being most prevalent. Regression results indicate that PLM explains approximately 57% of the variance in performance improvements (R² = 0.570), confirming its substantial impact. The study also identifies key challenges, including staff resistance, high costs, system integration issues, and skills gaps, which significantly hinder successful implementation. These insights have important implications for Nigerian automotive firms aiming to leverage digital transformation for competitive advantage. The research emphasizes the need for strategic change management, capacity building, and supportive policies to overcome barriers and maximize PLM benefits. The study contributes to academic literature on digital transformation in emerging markets and provides practical recommendations for industry stakeholders. Future studies could explore longitudinal effects and organizational culture influences to further deepen understanding in this area
Product Lifecycle Management, Engineering Performance, Digital Transformation, Automotive Industry, and Nigeria
ASSESSING THE COVERAGE AREA AND DISTRIBUTION OFHEALTHCARE FACILITIES IN SHEFFIELD, UK USING GEO-SPATIALTECHNOLOGY
The paper focuses on accessibility and dispersion of healthcare facilities which are crucial for upholding social stability as well as the protection of fundamental human rights to healthcare. Access to healthcare services means a timely use of available care services to achieve the best health outcomes, and its influence on the overall physical, social, and mental health status. Geographic Information System (GIS) emphasizes the spatial pattern i.e. accessibility while the rest of the dimensions may be seen as non-spatial. The 2021 population census data of Sheffield was obtained from www.nomisweb.co.uk/source/census_2021 was used in this study. The location and coordinates of all the healthcare facilities was also sourced from Google Earth Pro software. Buffering, Erase, Queries and Nearest Neighbor Analysis operations were carried out to determine the coverage area of those healthcare facility deprived areas and also the population deprived of easy utilization and accessibility to those healthcare facilities.
Geo-Spatial Technology, Healthcare, Accessibility, Distribution, Health Services
LIVED EXPERIENCES OF GENERAL EDUCATION TEACHERS ININCLUSIVE CLASSROOMS AT ASPEN MIDDLE SCHOOL: A BASIS FORPROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT TRAINING
This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of general education teachers in inclusive classrooms at Aspen Middle School, Colorado. Using a qualitative phenomenological research design, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with five general education teachers to understand their perceptions, challenges, level of preparedness, and strategies for supporting diverse learners. Findings indicate three essential requirements for successful inclusive education: first, teachers value a consistent and specialized discipline system to manage challenging behaviors influenced by students’ family backgrounds; second, teachers must be fully equipped with adequate teaching materials and specialized facilities to address the differentiated needs of learners; and third, teachers demonstrate strong commitment to data-driven lesson planning, ensuring instruction enhances every student’s capabilities. These results highlight the importance of prioritizing teacher preparation before inclusive programs begin, providing systemic support through resources and facilities, and fostering strong teacher engagement and pedagogical commitment. The study further supports the development of professional development training designed to strengthen teachers’ capacity to implement inclusive education effectively and promote equitable learning outcomes for all students
Inclusive Education, General Education Teachers, Professional Development, Diverse Learners
REVISITING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NUMERACY ENHANCEMENTACTIVITY PROGRAM (NEAP): RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROGRAMADJUSTMENT
The true strength of a country is determined by its citizens' cognitive abilities rather than its natural resources. Literacy and numeracy, are not only as parts of the academics but also are the vital DNA that unlock individual potential and, collectively, the nation’s destiny, serving as the non-negotiable prerequisite for a modern, democratic society. Programs that proactively address numeracy weaknesses fundamentally elevate the nation’s human capital. The study specifically sought the assessment of teachers and parents in the Numeracy Enhancement Activity Program (NEAP) as an intervention initiative for grade two learners in terms of program delivery, instructional materials, facilities and parents’/guardians’ support. This research showed that teachers and parents have a favorable perspective on the Numeracy Enhancement Assessment Program (NEAP), concurring on its good implementation, the sufficiency of instructional resources, and the learning environment of the program is considered favorable. Although teachers gave parental support a slightly lower rating than parents did, there is no discernible difference in how support is perceived. The success of the NEAP proves its capacity to significantly narrow the skills gap among children. NEAP intervention results for three school years (2022-2025) all indicated a positive impact on the learners. Overall, the NEAP intervention has greatly raised the competency levels of the students who lacked numeracy skills, and is highly effective at closing the numeracy skill disparity. The proposed program adjustment focuses on the overall effectiveness of NEAP initiative addressing key areas identified in the assessment- namely, program delivery, instructional materials, learning facilities, and parental support
Numeracy Enhancement Activity Program (NEAP), program adjustment
EFFECTIVENESS OF PHONO VISUAL ORAL SOUND BLENDINGMEANING (PVOSBM) APPROACH IN TEACHING READING ANDLITERACY AMONG GRADE 1 LEARNERS
It is believed that learners who are deemed proficient readers also tend to have a greater understanding of various reading abilities, such as vocabulary growth, word choice, style, and knowledge of varied ethical diversity throughout cultures. Given the significance of early reading skills in shaping learners' academic success, this study is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the Phono-Visual Oral Sound Blending Meaning (PVOSBM) approach in enhancing reading and literacy among Grade 1 learners. Measuring the improvements in the mean scores of the grade one pupils before and after the exposures of the traditional method revealed from above establishing the alpha error of 0.05 with the degrees of freedom of 12, and the equivalent critical values for both one – tailed and two – tailed numerically 1.782 and 2.179 respectively, since the computed t – value solely for the traditional method result shows to be greater than those critical values for both one – tailed and two – tailed tests, the study attempted reject the null hypothesis to signify the fate of having improvements of the grade one pupils under the traditional method of reading. Moreover, utilizations for the PVOSBM Approach could guarantee the increase of the reading ability schemes of the learners. Seminars and trainings pertaining to the PVOSBM approach and other differentiated instructions to are highly recommended in the attainment of reading proficiency
Phono Visual Oral Sound Blending Meaning, Reading Literacy, Grade 1 learners, SDO Eastern Samar, DepEd Philippines
EVALUATING SCHOOL CULTURE AS A BASIS FOR ENHANCINGSCHOOL EFFECTIVENESS
School culture plays a vital role in determining the success of students, teachers, and parents, as it shapes the institution’s atmosphere, expectations, relationships, and overall climate. A positive school culture provides the essential foundation for student growth and achievement. It also supports teacher retention by promoting job satisfaction and professional development, while strengthening parental and community involvement, thereby extending the school’s influence beyond the classroom. This study examined stakeholders’ perceptions of school culture, focusing on the dimensions of unity of purpose, collaborative relationships, learning partnerships, and collaborative leadership. It assessed the views of employees, parents, and students regarding the school’s effectiveness in terms of communication, instruction, and school atmosphere. Furthermore, the research explored the relationship between school culture and school effectiveness as perceived by employees. Findings revealed significant differences among employees, parents, and students in their assessments of communication and school atmosphere. However, no significant differences were found in their perceptions of instruction and overall school effectiveness. Statistical analysis indicated a positive relationship between the school’s operational culture and its measurable effectiveness. Employees demonstrated strong commitment and upheld core values such as respect and teamwork, fostering unity among leaders, teachers, students, and parents. This shared culture contributed to effective school operations, quality instruction, and the holistic development of learners. Based on these findings, an enhancement program was proposed to further strengthen school operations and sustain a positive, collaborative culture.
FROM ALGORITHM TO LESSON PLAN: INTEGRITY, ACCOUNTABILITYAND LEARNING OUTCOMES OF AI-ASSISTED TOOLS IN PUBLICSECONDARY SCHOOLS IN CROSS RIVER STATE
This study examined the use of AI-assisted tools in lesson planning and instruction and their effects on integrity, accountability, and learning outcomes in public secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and involved a population of 5,302 teachers and 77,485 students. Using Taro Yamane’s formula, a sample size of 770 respondents (372 teachers and 398 students) was selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using mean scores and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The findings revealed that the use of AI-assisted tools in lesson planning and instruction was moderate among teachers and was similarly perceived by students. The study also found that AIassisted tools have a moderate positive effect on integrity and accountability in teaching and learning, and a moderate positive effect on students’ learning outcomes. Pearson correlation results indicated significant positive relationships between the use of AI-assisted tools and the quality of lesson delivery (r = 0.46; p < 0.05), integrity and accountability (r = 0.41; p < 0.05), and students’ learning outcomes (r = 0.44; p < 0.05). The study concluded that AI-assisted tools have the potential to improve teaching quality, promote integrity and accountability, and enhance students’ learning outcomes in public secondary schools. However, the integration of AI tools is constrained by limited access, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient training. The study recommended improved ICT infrastructure, teacher training, ethical guidelines for AI use, and effective monitoring mechanisms to enhance AI adoption and maximize its benefits in secondary education
AI-assisted tools, lesson planning, integrity, accountability, learning outcomes, public secondary schools, Cross River State
DEVELOPMENT OF MALARIA PARASITE DIAGNOSIS EXPERT SYSTEM(MPDEXS) USING FUZZY LOGIC
This research work is focused on the implementation of a Malaria Parasite Diagnosis Expert System (MPDExS) using fuzzy logic approach. The research work was necessary because of the problems of the existing system such as Malaria diagnosis can only be performed by a medical professional, late identification of malaria may lead to death. The traditional method of medical diagnosis of malaria is characterized with the problem of precision and accuracy. In view of these problems, the objectives of the study are to implement a fuzzy logic based system that can be used to diagnose malaria in the absence of medical professional, to create a system that can be used on a personal computer to diagnose malaria, thereby reducing need to visit health centre and to develop an expert system that will be used to diagnose malaria using fuzzy logic parameters such as Body Mass Index (BMI), temperature and pulse rate. The significance of the research work are it will provide non-medical experts with a useful tool for malaria diagnosis, the system can be used for the diagnosis of malaria even in the absence of a medical expert, the system will help to reduce late diagnosis of malaria. The development methodology used is waterfall model. The design methodology used is Object Oriented Analysis and design. MATLAB programming language is chosen for the implementation
Malaria Parasite Diagnosis, Expert System (MPDExS), Fuzzy Logic, Implementation & Development
ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS PRACTICES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCEOF SMALL BUSINESSES IN SOUTH-SOUTH GEOPOLITICAL ZONE, NIGERIA
Small businesses constitute the backbone of Nigeria’s economy, especially within the South-South geopolitical zone, a region characterized by significant commercial activities and local entrepreneurship. This empirical study investigates the relationship between business practices and financial performance among small enterprises in the South-South zone. The study utilized quantitative survey methods to collect data from 379 small business owners across Rivers, Delta, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, and Edo states. Findings revealed that effective business planning, financial record-keeping, marketing strategies, customer relations, and ethical practices significantly influence financial performance indicators such as profitability, liquidity, and growth. Results suggest that enhancing structured business practices improves financial outcomes. The study concludes with recommendations for policy adjustments, capacity building, and improved access to financial services.
Assessment of Business Practices, Financial Performance of Small Businesses in South-South Geopolitical Zone, Nigeria
FACTORS INFLUENCING MEDICATION ERRORS AMONG NURSES INCLINICAL SETTINGS OF SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN THENORTHERN SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
Medication errors remain a major challenge in healthcare delivery, compromising patient safety and quality of care. This study examined the factors influencing medication errors among nurses in secondary health facilities in the Northern Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria. The objectives were to determine the influence of nurse-related, institutional, and workplace/environmental factors on the occurrence of medication errors. A descriptive crosssectional survey design was employed, and data were collected from 186 registered nurses using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize respondents’ characteristics and perceptions, while Pearson correlation analysis tested the relationships between independent variables and medication errors at a 0.05 significance level. The results indicated that all three categories of factors: nurse-related, institutional, and workplace/environmental had significant positive relationships with medication errors. Fatigue, inadequate knowledge, poor adherence to protocols, inadequate staffing, weak supervision, poor communication, high workload, and workplace distractions were identified as key contributors to errors. The study concludes that medication errors are multifactorial and arise from the interaction of individual, organizational, and environmental factors. It is recommended that interventions such as continuous nurse training, workload management, improved supervision, effective communication, technological support, and a supportive work environment be implemented to reduce medication errors and enhance patient safety.
Medication Errors, Nurse-Related Factors, Institutional Factors, Workplace Factors, Secondary Health Facilities, Patient Safety
FACTORS INFLUENCING MEDICATION ERRORS AMONG NURSES INCLINICAL SETTINGS OF SECONDARY HEALTH FACILITIES IN THENORTHERN SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF CROSS RIVER STATE,NIGERIA
Medication errors remain a major challenge in healthcare delivery, compromising patient safety and quality of care. This study examined the factors influencing medication errors among nurses in secondary health facilities in the Northern Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria. The objectives were to determine the influence of nurse-related, institutional, and workplace/environmental factors on the occurrence of medication errors. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed, and data were collected from 186 registered nurses using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize respondents’ characteristics and perceptions, while Pearson correlation analysis tested the relationships between independent variables and medication errors at a 0.05 significance level. The results indicated that all three categories of factors: nurse-related, institutional, and workplace/environmental had significant positive relationships with medication errors. Fatigue, inadequate knowledge, poor adherence to protocols, inadequate staffing, weak supervision, poor communication, high workload, and workplace distractions were identified as key contributors to errors. The study concludes that medication errors are multifactorial and arise from the interaction of individual, organizational, and environmental factors. It is recommended that interventions such as continuous nurse training, workload management, improved supervision, effective communication, technological support, and a supportive work environment be implemented to reduce medication errors and enhance patient safety.
medication errors, nurse-related factors, institutional factors, workplace factors, secondary health facilities, patient safety
MEDIA ADVOCACY AND SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY INSOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
South-South Nigeria is an economic hub of Nigeria. It is the region that has largest oil and gas deposit that accounts for the growing country’s Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and 80 percent of its revenue. The region is however bedeviled by acute shortage of food for the population, forcing it to rely on other geopolitical zones for its daily food needs. The study therefore was undertaken to uncover suitable media platforms for advocacy in the production and sustenance of food security in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Other objectives of the study included to identify media strategies and platforms for possible synergies that would guarantee food sustainability in the region. More so, to ensure media partnership with the government in policy formulation, education and enlightenment on food security as well as mobilize farmers to embrace government policies on agriculture and explore those agriculture business portfolios available to bring about food security in the region. The scope of the study is South-South region covering Akwa Ibom and Cross River States only. To build a solid foundation, the study was laced with agenda setting theory. The population of the study is 10,408325 as projected by the National Population Commission. Adopting the survey method, the sample of the work was 400 using Taro Yamane’s formula. The study revealed and concluded that the media as the veritable instruments could play the role of ensuring food security and sustainability in the region, particularly when they are synergized. It recommended the continuous interface of media between the government and the citizen especially as it concerns food security
Media, Advocacy, Food Sustainability, Security
POWER VOLTAGE AND WELDING DEFECTS IN STEELFABRICATION PROJECTS OF CONSTRUCTION FIRMS IN SOUTHSOUTH NIGERIA
Welding quality plays a critical role in the structural performance of steel fabrication projects in the construction industry. In many developing regions, including South-South Nigeria, unstable power supply and improper control of welding voltage often contribute to welding defects and reduced joint performance. This study investigates the effect of welding voltage on the mechanical properties of welded steel joints with the aim of identifying optimal voltage conditions that minimize defects and enhance joint strength. Submerged arc welding was employed to produce full-penetration butt joints using pressure-vessel-grade carbon steel. Welding was carried out at three different voltage levels— 26 V, 30 V, and 34 V—while welding current, speed, and electrode orientation were kept constant. Tensile tests were performed on the welded specimens, and stress–strain curves were generated to evaluate key mechanical properties, including maximum tensile force, maximum tensile stress, yield tensile stress, breaking stress, and strain energy absorbed up to fracture. The results show a clear correlation between welding voltage and mechanical performance. Increasing welding voltage led to improved tensile strength, higher ductility, and greater strain energy absorption. Welded joints produced at higher voltage exhibited superior mechanical properties, with strain energy showing the greatest sensitivity to voltage variation. The findings indicate that appropriate control of welding voltage significantly enhances weld quality and reduces the likelihood of welding defects associated with inadequate fusion and poor mechanical bonding. The study concludes that welding voltage is a critical parameter in steel fabrication, and its optimization can substantially improve the structural integrity and reliability of welded joints in construction projects. The results provide useful guidance for construction firms and fabricators seeking to improve welding quality under variable power supply conditions
Power Voltage, Welding Defects In Steel Fabrication, Projects of Construction Firms in South-South Nigeria
DIGITAL MANAGEMENT CAPABILITIES AND FINANCIALPERFORMANCE OF INNOVATIVE FIRMS IN THE AI ECONOMY
This study investigated the effect of digital management capabilities on the financial performance of innovative firms operating in the AI-driven economy in Nigeria. The study adopted a quantitative research design and utilised a structured questionnaire titled Digital Management Capabilities and Financial Performance Questionnaire (DMCFPQ) to collect data from 196 respondents drawn from innovative firms across selected sectors. The population comprised managerial and senior operational staff, and a multistage sampling technique was employed to determine the sample size using Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) formula. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analysis to test three hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that digital leadership capability, data-driven decision-making capability, and digital infrastructure with technological integration significantly influenced the financial performance of innovative firms in Nigeria. The study was anchored on the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory to explain how digital management capabilities serve as strategic organisational resources that enhance competitive advantage and financial outcomes. The study concluded that strengthening digital leadership, institutionalising data-driven decision-making, and investing in digital infrastructure are critical for improving firm performance in the AI economy. Recommendations were made to firm managers, policymakers, and academic institutions to promote digital capability development and policy support for digital transformation in Nigeria.
Digital Management Capabilities, Financial Performance, Artificial Intelligence Economy, Innovative Firms, Digital Leadership, Data-Driven Decision Making, Digital Infrastructure, and Nigeria
STAKEHOLDERS’ PERCEPTION OF IMPACT OF OILEXPLORATION AND MEDIA INVOLVEMENT IN MITIGATINGENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA
This study was conducted in order to find out how stakeholders in the South-South region of Nigeria perceive the impact of oil exploration on the environment in the region, and the role that the media can play in mitigating such impacts. The objectives of this study included to identify challenges faced by residents in South-South Nigeria due to oil exploration and environmental degradation in the region; and ascertain stakeholders’ perception of the roles of the media in mitigating the impact of oil exploration and environmental degradation in South-South Nigeria. The study was anchored on Agenda Setting and Yale Persuasion Theories. The Focus Group Discussion method was adopted as the research design for the study. Findings of the study revealed that oil exploration and environmental degradation had negative impacts on the social, health and economic lives of the people in the South-South region of Nigeria. Findings also showed that the media have a tremendous role to play in mitigating these negative impacts, by creating awareness, as well as act both as environmental watchdog and advocate. The researchers recommended that the media should be more intentional in their report of the environment, as such intentional reportage would prompt proactive reporting of matters relating to oil exploration and environmental degradation. KEYWORDS: Stakeholders’ Perception, Impact of Oil Exploration, Media I
Stakeholders’ Perception, Impact of Oil Exploration, Media Involvement in Mitigating Environmental Degradation in South-South Nigeria
GEORGIA'S TOURIST AND GEOGRAPHICAL RESOURCES
Tourism is developing more and more widely every year and goes beyond the borders of many countries. Every developing country is trying to pay significant attention to local resources, which are very important in terms of tourism. Every year the number of travelers in the world is increasing, who escape the chaotic and rhythmic everyday life and try to spend their holidays in a calm and ecologically clean environment. “I am Georgian and therefore I am European” - this is how one of my country’s political leaders introduced himself to the world years ago. I would like you to travel with me and introduce you to my country, Georgia, which is located at the crossroads of Asia and Europe and is located between the Black and Caspian Seas. It is distinguished by its beautiful landscape and climatic diversity. Due to its geographical location, the country has many natural and recreational resources, and these resources are represented by resorts and resort areas. In the article, I will try to make a brief overview of all the tourist destinations that are implemented in the country. Georgia has gone through many stages of historical development and today it is already an established state.
Georgia, Georgian script, Caucasus, peaks, Georgian folk song, folk instruments, tourist resources
DIPLOMACY AND TOURISM IN 19TH–20TH CENTURY EUROPE:HISTORICAL INTERACTIONS AND CONTEMPORARY IMPLICATIONS
This article examines the historical interaction between diplomacy and tourism in Europe during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, focusing on how diplomatic processes influenced the development of tourist flows, infrastructure, and international cultural exchange. Based on archival materials from France, Great Britain, Germany, and Austria, as well as comparative historical and statistical analysis, the study explores the role of political stability, international agreements, and cultural diplomacy in shaping tourism development. The research demonstrates that major diplomatic events, including international congresses, exhibitions, and post-war agreements, significantly facilitated mobility and promoted European destinations. At the same time, periods of war and diplomatic crisis led to stagnation or decline in tourism, followed by recovery driven by international cooperation. The findings indicate that tourism development in nineteenth-twentieth century Europe cannot be understood independently of diplomacy, as states actively used diplomatic instruments to enhance their international image and economic growth through tourism. The article concludes that historical experience in diplomatic engagement offers valuable insights for contemporary tourism strategies, particularly in the areas of international cooperation, cultural promotion, and strategic planning
Diplomacy; Tourism history; cultural diplomacy; Europe; International relations; Nineteenth and twentieth centuries; Tourism development
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE IN CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
Classroom management is a critical determinant of effective teaching and learning. In public secondary schools in Oyo State, Nigeria, challenges such as large class sizes, diverse student behaviors, and limited teacher training often hinder the creation of a conducive learning environment. This study investigated the application of the Fibonacci sequence as an innovative framework for classroom management. The study employed a descriptive survey design, with a population of 1,500 teachers and 4500 students from public secondary schools. A stratified random sample of 150 teachers and 450 students from selected schools in Oyo State Municipal was used. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and observation checklists and analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, and chi-square tests. Findings revealed that the majority of teachers (56.7%) were unaware of the Fibonacci sequence as a classroom management tool, and only 13.3% frequently applied it. Students perceived Fibonaccibased strategies as somewhat effective, though inconsistent application limited their impact. Major challenges identified included lack of teacher training, large class sizes, and limited resources. The study concludes that while the Fibonacci sequence has significant potential to enhance structured behavioral expectations and student engagement, practical adoption requires targeted teacher training, resource provision, and administrative support. Recommendations include professional development programs, implementation of incremental behavior management systems, and further research on the effectiveness of Fibonacci-based strategies in diverse educational settings
Fibonacci sequence, classroom management, public secondary schools, Cross River State, student engagement, teacher training
DETERMINANTS OF ILLEGAL CRUDE OIL REFINING ANDPERCEIVED HEALTH CONSEQUENCES ON THE RESIDENTS OFRIVERS EAST SENATORIAL DISTRICT, RIVERS STATE
This study investigated the determinants and perceived health consequences of illegal crude oil refining in Rivers East Senatorial District, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design. Eleven objectives, eleven research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. A sample of 393 respondents were drawn using a multistage sampling procedure. Data collection was done using a validated self-structured questionnaire with a Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.792. Data analysis was done in SPSS using descriptive statistics (percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (z-test and ANOVA, and Post Hoc Bonferroni). It was found that poverty emerged as the most powerful driver (aggregate x̄= 3.05 ± 0.45), followed by corruption (x̄= 2.95 ± 0.50, high) and lack of knowledge (mean = 2.84 ± 0.49), with easy access to oil pipelines also rated as an important determinant (x̄= 2.74 ± 0.51), while non-implementation of MOUs was perceived as a relatively weak determinant (x̄= 2.57 ± 0.53). Perceived health consequences of ICOR were widely accepted, with an aggregate mean of 3.10 ± 0.40, especially for risks linked to harmful air pollutants, soot-related immune weakening, respiratory problems, eye symptoms, waterborne diseases and long-term conditions such as cancer and reduced life expectancy. Gender and income had a significant influence on perceived health consequences of illegal crude oil refining (p<0.05) while education and age had not significant effect on perceived health consequences of ICOR (p>0.05). it was recommended among others that security agencies should co-create community patrols and anonymous reporting with youth associations using mapped hotspots, and body worn cameras, to deter sabotage, cut fire risk, and build trust.
Determinants of illegal crude oil refining, perceived Health consequences on the residents of Rivers East Senatorial District, Rivers State
DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN-AMERICAN DIPLOMATIC RELATIONSIN THE FACE OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES
In an era marked by rapid globalization and escalating transnational threats, the evolution of diplomatic relations between the European Union and the United States has gained unprecedented importance. This paper examines the historical trajectory, current dynamics, and future prospects of Euro-American diplomacy, with special emphasis on how these relations adapt to global challenges such as climate change, economic inequality, technological disruption, pandemics, and security crises. It also highlights the strategic role of intermediary nations such as Georgia in this geopolitical framework. Through a review of recent developments, international agreements, and diplomatic innovations, this study underlines the resilience and adaptability of the transatlantic alliance in fostering global stability, shared democratic values, and sustainable development.
European Union, United States, diplomacy, global challenges, transatlantic relations, climate change, security, digital diplomacy, NATO, Georgia
INDUSTRIALIZATION POLICIES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTOUTCOMES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Industrialization remains a critical pathway for achieving sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite decades of policy interventions, the region continues to experience low levels of industrial development, weak manufacturing capacity, and heavy dependence on primary commodity exports. This paper examines the evolution of industrialization policies in SSA and assesses their implications for sustainable development outcomes, with particular emphasis on economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability. Drawing on existing literature, policy documents, and regional experiences, the study argues that industrialization can significantly enhance development outcomes when guided by coherent policies, strong institutions, and environmentally responsible practices. The paper further highlights emerging strategies such as agroindustrialization, green industrial policy, and regional integration under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The study concludes that sustainable industrialization is indispensable for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in SSA, provided that economic objectives are harmonized with social and environmental considerations.
Industrialization, Sustainable Development, Industrial Policy, Sub-Saharan Africa, Green Growth, Structural Transformation
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON REGIONALECONOMIC GROWTH IN GHANA: AN ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT
Infrastructure development plays a pivotal role in shaping economic growth and regional development, particularly in developing economies such as Ghana. Over the years, Ghana has invested substantially in transport, energy, telecommunications, and social infrastructure as part of its national development strategy. Despite these efforts, significant disparities persist in regional economic performance across the country. This study examines the impact of infrastructure development on regional economic growth in Ghana using a conceptual and analytical approach based on secondary data and existing empirical literature. The findings reveal that infrastructure investment contributes positively to productivity, employment generation, market integration, and private sector development. However, uneven spatial distribution, maintenance challenges, and institutional inefficiencies limit its full potential. The study concludes that targeted, regionally balanced infrastructure policies are essential for achieving inclusive and sustainable economic growth in Ghana
Infrastructure Development, Regional Growth, Economic Development, Ghana, Spatial Inequality
Mass Media and Farmers participation in Anchor Borrowers Programme in Selected South-South States, Nigeria
This study examined the influence of mass media on farmers participation in the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Anchor Borrowers Programme in Akwa Ibom, Cross River and Rivers States. The study specifically assessed farmers perception of the extent of dissemination of programme information through mass media, identified farmers preferred mass media channels for obtaining Anchor Borrowers Programme information, and determined the influence of mass media exposure on farmers participation in the programme. A survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from 349 farmers selected from the three states using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi square inferential analysis. Findings revealed that mass media disseminate information about the Anchor Borrowers Programme to farmers to a high extent, with a majority of respondents perceiving dissemination as very high or high. Radio emerged as the most preferred mass media channel for obtaining programme information, followed by television and digital media, while newspapers were least preferred. The study further established that mass media exposure has a statistically significant influence on farmers participation in the Anchor Borrowers Programme. The Chi square test result confirmed a significant relationship between mass media exposure and farmers participation at the 0.05 level of significance. The study concludes that mass media play a critical role in enhancing farmers engagement with the Anchor Borrowers Programme and recommends the prioritisation of radio, strategic integration of digital platforms and strengthened collaboration between media organisations.
AUDIENCE PERCEPTION OF AI GENERATED VIDEO NEWS AND MEDIA TRUST IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
The increasing deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) in news production has transformed contemporary journalism, particularly in video news formats. While AI generated video news offers efficiency and innovation, concerns persist regarding authenticity, credibility, and public trust. This study empirically examines audience perception of AI generated video news and its effect on media trust in Nigeria. Using a quantitative survey research design, data were collected from 600 Nigerian media consumers across the six geopolitical zones. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were employed, including correlation and multiple regression analysis. Findings reveal moderate awareness of AI generated video news, high concern about misinformation risks, and a significant relationship between perceived authenticity of AI generated news and media trust. Media literacy emerged as a significant moderating factor. The study concludes that transparency and audience education are essential for sustaining media trust in the era of AI driven journalism.
BANKING PROXIMITY AND ENTREPRENEURIAL SURVIVAL IN RURALAREAS: NAVIGATING THE ECONOMIC SHOCK OF FUEL SUBSIDYREMOVAL IN NIGERIA
This study examined the effect of banking proximity on rural entrepreneurs’ access to financial buffer services in the context of the economic shock resulting from fuel subsidy removal in Nigeria. Guided by a descriptive survey design, the research was conducted in Akwa Ibom State and focused on grocery store owners and selected farmers whose businesses were significantly affected by rising operational costs. A sample of 121 respondents was drawn using simple random sampling techniques, and data were collected through a structured instrument titled “Banking Proximity and Entrepreneurial Survival in Rural Areas Questionnaire”. Findings revealed a significant relationship between banking proximity and rural entrepreneurs’ access to financial buffer services, indicating that entrepreneurs situated closer to banking facilities were better equipped to obtain emergency credit, savings support, and liquidity-enhancing products necessary for business stability during economic disruptions. The study concluded that rural entrepreneurs with greater banking proximity exhibit stronger resilience, maintain better liquidity control, and demonstrate higher survival and recovery rates following subsidy-related shocks compared to those operating farther away from financial institutions. It was recommended that commercial banks, microfinance institutions, and cooperative banks expand their outreach through mini-branches, service kiosks, and mobile banking units in rural areas to reduce travel costs and delays in accessing financial services. Additionally, the government should prioritize road rehabilitation in rural communities to improve accessibility to banking services and lessen the physical and financial burden associated with reaching distant banks.
BANKING PROXIMITY, ENTREPRENEURIAL SURVIVAL, ENTREPRENEURIAL SURVIVAL, Fuel Subsidy Removal, NIGERIA
PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO CLOTHING STYLES: A STUDY OFSOCIAL NORMS, TRENDS, AND PERSONAL IDENTITY IN NIGERIA
This study looks at how globalisation and fashion trends in Nigeria are connected, focussing on how clothing is changing the way people see themselves and their communities. As globalisation continues to affect cultures and societies around the world, Nigeria, with its many ethnic groups and rich cultural legacy, is a unique example of how traditional clothing may mix with global fashion trends. The study looks at how Nigerian clothing styles have changed in reaction to the rise of Western fashion and how these changes have affected people's sense of self, their social position, and their group membership. This study looks at fashion trends in cities and towns in Nigeria to show how adopting global styles might affect people's mental and social health. The study looks at how clothes may be used to represent oneself and set oneself apart from others. It also looks at the conflict between keeping cultural traditions and following current, globalised clothing trends. The results show that younger people in Nigeria, especially in cities, are more likely to wear hybrid styles that mix traditional and global influences. However, older people still value cultural clothing as a way to show ethnic pride and social status. The study also looks at how clothes can show social mobility, focusing on how premium brands and Western-inspired attire can show success and belonging. But the study finds that those from lower socioeconomic origins may have trouble fitting in because they feel pressure to follow global fashion trends. The psychological impacts of clothing, such as how it affects self-esteem, body image, and social acceptance, are also looked at. In conclusion, the study shows how complicated clothing is as a social and psychological tool in Nigeria, where globalization has made it easier and harder for people to figure out who they are. The mixing of fashion trends shows how Nigerian culture is changing as global influences mix with local cultural values. This changes the meaning of clothes as a way to socialize and express oneself..
Psychological Reactions, Clothing Styles, Social Norms, Trends, Personal Identity and Nigeria
The Impact of Digital Learning Tools on the Academic Performance ofSecondary School Students in Nigeria
This study examined the impact of digital learning tools on the academic performance of secondary school students in Nigeria. The research adopted a descriptive survey design, targeting 300 students across three secondary schools in Lagos State. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Digital Learning Tools and Academic Performance Questionnaire (DLTAPQ), and analyzed using descriptive statistics for research questions and t-test for hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that digital learning tools positively influenced students’ comprehension, engagement, and overall academic performance. Research questions indicated that students frequently used digital learning tools, perceived them as effective, and experienced enhanced learning outcomes. Hypotheses testing showed significant differences in performance between students using digital tools and those who did not. The study concluded that integrating digital tools into teaching significantly enhances academic performance. Recommendations include government provision of digital resources, teacher training in digital pedagogy, and incorporation of e-learning platforms into curricula to optimize learning outcomes.
Digital Learning Tools, Academic Performance, Secondary School Students, Nigeria, E-Learning
IMPACT OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCEPERFORMANCE IN EMERGING ECONOMIES
Ethical leadership is increasingly recognized as a pivotal driver of sound corporate governance, particularly in emerging economies where institutional weaknesses and corruption are prevalent. This study examines the impact of ethical leadership on corporate governance performance in emerging economies, using Nigeria as a case study. By employing a mixed-methods research design, the study assesses how ethical behaviors by leaders influence transparency, accountability, board independence, and stakeholder engagement. A survey of 200 employees from both public and private organizations was conducted, and the results analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings reveal that ethical leadership significantly enhances corporate governance by promoting trust, regulatory compliance, and performance transparency. However, systemic issues such as political interference and weak enforcement mechanisms continue to hinder progress. The study recommends strengthening leadership training, enhancing regulatory oversight, and fostering an ethical corporate culture across sectors.
Ethical Leadership, Corporate Governance, Performance, and Emerging Economies
Effectiveness of Formative Assessment Techniques on EnhancingCritical Thinking Skills in Asian Secondary Education
This study investigated the effectiveness of formative assessment techniques in enhancing critical thinking skills among secondary school students in selected Asian countries. The study was anchored on a quantitative research design and drew upon 320 respondents selected from secondary schools using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. A researcher-developed questionnaire titled Formative Assessment and Critical Thinking Inventory (FACTI) was administered. Out of 320 questionnaires distributed, 302 were returned and found valid for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to answer the research questions, while three null hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 significance level using t-test and ANOVA. Findings revealed that formative assessment techniques such as peer assessment, feedback cycles, and questioning strategies significantly improved learners' critical thinking abilities as reflected in the high proportion of agreement responses across items. Furthermore, hypotheses testing showed significant differences in students’ critical thinking outcomes based on exposure to formative assessment practices. These results align with multiple reviewed studies demonstrating the value of formative assessment for promoting analytical reasoning and problem-solving in secondary learners. The study concludes that formative assessment is a powerful instructional tool for fostering critical thinking in Asian secondary schools. Recommendations were made to ministries of education, school administrators, and classroom teachers to adopt structured formative assessment programs, provide professional development for teachers, and integrate formative feedback cycles consistently across subjects to strengthen students’ thinking competencies
Formative Assessment, Critical Thinking, Secondary Education, Asia, Instructional Strategies.